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  5. Disperse Dye for Polyester | Why called disperse dye | Application and mechanism of disperse dyes | Features of of disperse dyes
Disperse Dye for Polyester | Why called disperse dye | Application and mechanism of disperse dyes | Features of of disperse dyes

Disperse Dye for Polyester | Why called disperse dye | Application and mechanism of disperse dyes | Features of of disperse dyes

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Fatema Sharmin
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Studying Wet Process Engineering at Bangladesh University of Textiles(BUTEX) | Internship Trainee at Asian Textile Mills Limited | Core Member at Textile Study Center
Fatema Sharmin
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Part 1 : Disperse Dye for Polyester | Why called disperse dye | Application and mechanism 

Part 3 : Auxilaries Of Disperse Dye

  Why called disperse dye

Disperse dye are the smallest dye of all dyes. They are insoluble in water. When they are applied to the dye bath, they form dispersion. They are free from ionized group. So they have low solubility in water& are suitable for dyeing hydrophobic fibres.

  APPLICATION

Disperse dye are mainly suitable for coloring hydrophobic fiber such as

  cellulose ,

  tri-acetate ,

  polyamide ,

  polyester ,

  polyamide ,

  polyacrylo nitrile etc.

They have become especially important, for polyester fibres as they are widely used as a blends with cotton, wool, or any other man made fibres . Disperse dyes are also used to color plastic jwellery, PVC rods and PVC/ PES film. 

 FEATURES

  1. Synthetic dye & free from ionizing group.
  2. Non soluble & molecularly disperse therefore dispersing agent is necessary for coloration.
  3. Fastness property specially wet & light fastness is good to excellent
  4. Molecular size is the smallest than other dye
  5. Economical
  6. Applied in acidic condition.
  7. High temperature is needed.
  8. Dyes are derivative of azo , anthroquinone , nitro & quinine group.
  9. Dye molecules contained a methyl amino sulpher group (-NHCH2SO3Na).

Dye-NH-CH2SO3Na + H2O            NH2-Dye +CH2O + NaHSO3

  CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION:

Mono azo —- 50%

Anthraquinone —25%

Diazo—-10%

Others —-15%

CLASSIFICATION

MOLECULAR WT

POLARITY

DYEING RATE

SUBLIMATION FASTNESS

LOW ENERGY

LOW

LOW

HIGH

LOW

Medium energy

Medium

Medium

medium

medium

High energy

High

High

Low

high

  MECHANISM OF DYEING

Main mechanism of dyeing is to swelling the fibre so that dye molecule gets enough space to stay inside the fibre. In hydrophilic fibre such as cotton this swelling is done by wetting. But when we dye polyester fibre , due to compact structure it is not able to swell on wetting. So it is hydrophobic fibre. Its MR% is .04% so it is highly hydrophobic. So it needs special arrangement.

 Swelling is done by applying chemical or heat. The chemical which swell fibre called carrier. Heating of dye liquor swells the fibre to open up  and assists the dye to penetrate the fibre polymer system. Thus the dye molecule takes its place in the amorphous regions of the fibre. Once taking place within the fibre polymer system, the dye molecules are held by hydrogen bonds and Van Der Waals’ force. When the system is taken off the molecular area shrunk & dye molecules are entrapped inside the polymer.

Polyester fibre contains pores or canals within its structure which, when heated to 100°C, expand to allow particles of the dyes to enter. The expansion of the pores is limited by the heat of the water – industrial dyeing of polyester is carried out at 130°C in pressurised equipment. Dispersal fast yellow G, fast orange G violet 2R blue GN etc are some suitable for polyester  at boiling temperature without carrier.

 

  Method of dyeing:

There are 3 methods of polyester dyeing .they are

  High temperature high pressure method

  Pad thermosol method

  Carrier method

  COMPARISION AMONG 3 PROCESS :

PARAMETER CARRIER HTHP  THERMOSOL
Swelling Carrier is used for swelling temperature Temperature
Temp 90 -95*C 130-160*C  180-220*C
Time 45 min 60 min  2-5 min
Effect on environment Not environment  friendly Friendly Friendly
Fastness  Light fastness not good  Fastness property is good to excellent Good
Molecular wt of dye Low higher medium
application

Wool/PE

CVC, TC TC, POLYESTER

Disperse Dye for Polyester

Part 1 : Disperse Dye for Polyester | Why called disperse dye | Application and mechanism 

Part 3 : Auxilaries Of Disperse Dye

(5263)

Fatema Sharmin
  • Save
Studying Wet Process Engineering at Bangladesh University of Textiles(BUTEX) | Internship Trainee at Asian Textile Mills Limited | Core Member at Textile Study Center
Fatema Sharmin
  • Save
Disperse Dye for Polyester | Why call disperse dye | Application of disperse dyes | Features of of disperse dyes | Chemical Classification of disperse dyes | Chemical composition of of disperse dyes | Mechanism of disperse dyes | dyeing polyester with disperse dye | Method of disperse dyeing | Disperse dyeing process | Chemical reaction of disperse dyes | Comparision between three disperse dyeing process | Comparision between Carrier , HTHP and Thermosol | Textile Study Center | textilestudycenter.com
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