Garments Dyeing | Garments Dyeing Process

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Zahirul Islam BUTEX

Founder , Admin & Author at Textile Study Center

Student of Bangladesh University of Textiles ( Dept. Apparel Engineering )

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@zahirul_islam_1

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Zahirul Islam BUTEX

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Garments Dyeing | Garments Dyeing Types and Processes

Garments Dyeing : The process of dyeing fully made apparel product like t-shirts , pants , trousers , shirts , jackets, tops, pullovers , dresses and bottoms is called garments dyeing. In Conventional method , Garments are made with pre-dyed fabrics and then cutting and sewing. But now grey fabrics are dyed in required color after manufacturing. It has become popular in recent days due to cost saving and fashion trends. Also it is capable to react much closer to actual market demand if the apparel is post dyed which reduces lead time and increases forecasting accuracy.

Advantages of garments dyeing :

1. Lower cost needed
2. Less time needed
3. Less shade variations occurs
4. Flexible lot size
5. Old garments can be redyed
6. Lower initial investment
7. Lower liquor ratio
8. Desizing , Scouring , Bleaching can be done in same machine
9. Capable to react with fast changing market trends
10. Fancy effects can be obtained
11. Lower inventory
12. Comparatively lower rejection rate

Disadvantages of garments dyeing :

1. High cost of processing
2. More material handling
3. Special care for selection of interlining
4. Higher seconds rate in production
5. Labor intensive process
6. Requries full checking of all pieces

Garments Dyeing Machines :

1. Pedal Garments dyeing machine
2. Rotary garments dyeing machine

Types of garment dyeing:

1. Reactive dye
2. Direct dye
3. Sulphar dye
4. Pigment dye
5. Dischargable dye etc.

Production Flow Chart of Garments Dyeing :

Batching 

Pre-treatment 

Dyeing 

Sample check 

Hydro Extraction 

Drying 

Quality Control 

Storage

Garments Dyeing Using Different Dyes : 

Reactive dye : Reactive dye is only dye that reacts with the textile fibre & makes covalent with fibre. Under the suitable condition it reacts with –OH or –NH₂ fibre & form covalent dye substrate linkage.

DYE-SO₂-CH₂-OSO₃Na + HO-Cell —— D-SO₂-CH₂-CH₂-O-Cell  + NaHSO₃

This is mostly used in garments dyeing. To produce light shade on garments , Dye added to the solution first then salt is added but if dark shade needed then salt is added first then dye added into the solution.If 5% or more dye is used into the solution then caustic is added into the solution.

Process flow chart of reactive dyeing :

Raw garments loading

Water added ( M:L = 1:40 )

Desizing ( detergent 1 g/L) 60^oc , 10 min

Rinse 1X

Adding sequestering agent ( 1 g/L ) Room temp. , 5min

Adding leveling agent ( 1 g/L ) Room temp. , 5min

Adding globar salt ( 45 g/L ) Room temp. , 5min

Adding Reactive dye

( reactoband orange  .60% , Reactoband black 8% ) 60^oc , 5 min

Adding soda ash ( 20 g/L ) 60^oc ,10 min

Adding caustic soda ( .5 g/L ) 60^oc , 50 min

Rinse 1X

Neutralization ( Citric Acid 1 g/L )

Rinse 1X

 Adding Fixing agent ( 5 g/L )

Drain

Acid Enzyme wash

( Ph 4.5 , acetic acid .5 g/L , 45^oc, 15 min )

Rinse 2x

Softening  ( 10 g/L ) 10 min

Hydroextraction

Drying

Direct dye : Direct dye is mosly used because it reacts directly with the fibre and it can be done on both hot and cool process. Washfastness of those color is less that why is done when washing is done after dyeing.

Process flow chart of reactive dyeing :

Raw garments loading

Water added ( M:L = 1:40 )

Desizing ( detergent 1 g/L) 60^oc , 10 min

Rinse 1X

Acid Enzyme wash

( Ph 4.5 , acetic acid .5 g/L , 45^oc, 15 min )

Rinse 2X

Adding Direct dye ,60^oc , 5 min

Adding Globar salt ( 10 g/L ) 60^oc ,10 min

Rinse 2X

 Adding Fixing agent ( 5 g/L )

Drain

Softening  ( 10 g/L ) 5 min

Hydro-extraction

Drying

Sulphar Dye : Sulpher dyes are complex heterocyclic molecules or mixtures formed by melting or boiling organic compounds containing amino or nitro groups with Na-polysulphide and Sulpher. Sulpher dyes are so called as they all contain Sulpher linkage within their molecules. Sulpher dyes are highly coloured, water insoluble compounds and have to be converted in to water soluble substantive forms (lucoforms) before application to the textile materials.

Process flow chart of Sulphar  dyeing :

Raw garments loading

Water added ( M:L = 1:40 )

Desizing ( detergent 1 g/L) 60^oc , 10 min

Rinse 2X

Adding Na-sulphide ,100⁰c. , 10 min

Adding globar salt ( 45 g/L ) 20 min

Adding Sulphar black , 100^oc , 10 min

Rinse 2X

 Adding Fixing agent ( H2O2 + Acetic acid 1g/L )

Rinse 2x

Softening  ( 10 g/L ) 50^oc , 5 min

Hydro extraction

Drying

 : This is a kind of direct dye which is easily dischargable and it brings fashionable appearance. After dyeing various dry process like whisker , hand crapping , pp spray and others can be applied. For bringing seam abration , this type of dye is specially recommended. Color fastness is average and also has more brighter shades and attraction than other direct dyes .

Process flow chart of Dischargable direct dyeing :

Raw garments loading

Water added ( M:L = 1:40 )

Desizing ( detergent 1 g/L) 60^oc , 10 min

Rinse 1X

Cationization

( caustic soda 2 g/L , 50^oc, 10 min , ph 10-11 , catanizer 4%  )

Rinse 2X

Adding leveling agent ( 1g/L , 5 mins , room temp )

Adding Dischargable dye ,60^oc , 5 min

( Asudel yellow GL .11% , Asudel red GNL .0153 %, Asudel Brown AGL .162% )

Adding Globar salt ( 10 g/L ) 60^oc ,5 min

Rinse 2X

Acid Enzyme wash

( Ph 4.5 , acetic acid .5 g/L , 45^oc, 15 min )

Rinse 2x

Softening  ( 10 g/L ) 10 min

Hydroextraction

Drying

Pigment dye : Pigment dyeing is not dyeing in the real sense as the pigment sticks on the fabric because of the binders. The pigments are insoluble in the water. It create very bright shades on the garments .

Process flow chart of Pigment dyeing :

Raw garments loading

Water added ( M:L = 1:40 )

Desizing ( detergent 1 g/L) 60^oc , 10 min

Rinse 1X

Cationization

( caustic soda 2 g/L , 50^oc, 10 min , ph = 8.5 , catanizer 4% – prefix k , 10 , min )

Rinse 2X

Adding Pigment dye ,65^oc , 30 min

( orange 1% , Red 3% )

Adding Binder ( 3 g/L ) 60^oc ,5 min

Rinse 1X

Hydro extraction

Drying

Precautions to be taken before garments dyeing :

1. Design should be made engineering point of view
2. Dyeing should be done after pre-treatment to reduce problems
3. Grey fabric should be made from same lots or sources
4. Seams should not be too tight or loose
5. For mixed fibres , dye should be taken carefully
6. Poor quality metal shouldn’t be used
7. Proper interlining should be used
8. Sewing threads from same fibres as garments

(10876)

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Zahirul Islam BUTEX

Founder , Admin & Author at Textile Study Center

Student of Bangladesh University of Textiles ( Dept. Apparel Engineering )

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@zahirul_islam_1

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Zahirul Islam BUTEX

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Latest posts by Zahirul Islam BUTEX (see all)

• Denim Wet Process | Bleach Wash | Acid Wash - June 14, 2020
• Acid Wash / Random Wash - May 8, 2020
• Denim Wet Process | Enzyme Wash - April 15, 2020

• Save