Identification of Given Textile Fibre Sample
Identification of Given Textile Fibre Sample
Object:
- To know about the physical properties of sample.
- To know about the chemical properties of sample.
- To identify the type of sample fibre.
Atmospheric condition:
- Wet condition: – 26 ° c. & Dry condition: – 30° c.
- Difference between wet and dry bulb = 30° c-26 ° c. = 4° c
- So, relative humidity (RH) = 70 %
Sample no: 01
Visual properties:
- Colour : White
- Handle : Soft handle
Physical test:
Preliminary Sorting Test by Heating: We took small tuft of fibres hold in forceps and brought it slowly up to but not into a small non-luminous flame.
Then observe the condition:
Obs. no. | Behavior | Remark |
1. | Does not shrink from flame or melt | Non-thermoplastic |
Chemical test:
Obs. no. | Chemical | Behavior | Remark | |
Cold | Hot | |||
1. | Phenol | Unchanged | Unchanged | |
2. | Acetic acid | Unchanged | Unchanged | |
3. | Nitric acid | Unchanged | Dissolve | |
4. | Sulphuric acid | Unchanged | Dissolve | May be cotton |
Confirmation Test:
Obs. no. | Chemical | Behavior | Result | |
Cold | Hot | |||
1. | Sulphuric acid | Unchanged | Dissolve | Cotton |
Sample No: 02
Visual properties:
- Colour : White
- Handle : Soft.
Physical test:
Preliminary sorting test by heating: We took small tuft of fibres hold in forceps and brought it slowly up to but not into a small non-luminous flame.
Then observe the condition:
Obs. no. | Behavior | Remark |
1. | Shrink from flame or melts with the formation of bead | Thermoplastic |
For thermoplastic fibre:
Bring a small tuft of fibres into a small non-luminous flame –
Obs. no. | Behavior | Odor | Residue | Remark |
1. | Melts then burns
(smoky flame) |
Aromatic | Glossy brown bead
(not crushable) |
May be Polyester |
Chemical test:
Obs. no. | Chemical | Behavior | Remark | |
Cold | Hot | |||
1. | Sulphuric acid | Unchanged | Unchanged | |
2. | Dimethyl formamide | Unchanged | Unchanged | |
3. | Phenol | Unchanged | Dissolve | May be Polyester |
4. | Sodium hydroxide | Unchanged | Unchanged |
Confirmation Test:
Obs. no. | Chemical | Behavior | Result | |
Cold | Hot | |||
1. | Phenol | Unchanged | Dissolve | Polyester |
Sample no: 03
Visual properties:
- Colour : Bluish white
- Handle : Soft
Physical test:
Preliminary sorting test by heating: We took small tuft of fibres hold in forceps and brought it slowly up to but not into a small non-luminous flame.
Then observe the condition:
Obs. no. | Behavior | Remark |
1 | Shrink from flame or melts with the formation of bead | Thermoplastic |
For non- thermoplastic fibre:
Bring a small tuft of fibres into a small non-luminous flame-
Obs. no. | Behavior | Odor | Residue | Remark |
1 | Fuses then burns (smoky flame) | Sweetish | Dark colour
Hard bead but brittle |
May be Acrylic |
Chemical Test:
Obs. no. | Chemical | Behavior | Remark | |
Cold | Hot | |||
1. | Phenol | Unchanged | Colour change | |
2. | Dimethyl formamide | Unchanged | Dissolve | May be acrylic |
3. | Nitric acid | Unchanged | Unchanged | |
4. | Sulphuric acid | Unchanged | Dissolve | May be acrylic |
Confirmation Test:
Obs. no. | Chemical | Behavior | Result | |
Cold | Hot | |||
1. | Dimethyl formamide | Unchanged | Dissolve | Acrylic |
Sample no: 04
Visual properties:
- Colour : White
- Handle : Harsh
Physical test:
Preliminary sorting test by heating: We took small tuft of fibres hold in forceps and brought it slowly up to but not into a small non-luminous flame. Then observe the condition:
Obs. no. | Behavior | Remark |
1 | Does not shrink from flame or melt | Non-thermoplastic |
For non- thermoplastic fibre:
Bring a small tuft of fibres into a small non-luminous flame –
Obs. no. | Behavior | Remark |
1 |
Burn with irregular spurting flame, leaving a black inflated, easily powdered residue & emits a smell of burnt hair. | Protein
(Silk & Wool) |
Chemical Test:
Obs. no. | Chemical | Behavior | Remark | |
Cold | Hot | |||
1. | Phenol | Unchanged | Unchanged | |
2. | Dimethyl formamide | Unchanged | Unchanged | |
3. | Sulphuric acid | Unchanged | Dissolve | May be silk |
4. | Sodium hydroxide | Unchanged | Dissolve | May be wool |
Confirmation Test:
Obs. no. | Chemical | Behavior | Result | |
Cold | Hot | |||
1. | Sodium hydroxide | Unchanged | Dissolve | Wool |
Conclusion:
I would like to thank our respected teacher for the important instructions. I am also grateful to our lab assistants for their kind help. This experiment helps me to know about the fabric abrasion resistance and its measuring test that is very important for textile testing. I think this will be very helpful in my future life.
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