In general, the effect of sample length on breaking strength has been shown that the mean measured the strength of a specimen decreases as the sample length is increased. This fact is well known as the “weak-link” effect.
Dyestuff | Classification of Dyestuffs
Dyestuff: Dyestuffs are organic and inorganic substances which consists of chromophore groups, can change the physical and chemical properties of any substance , can absorb light and reflect lights to show color. They are unsaturated complex compound. Characteristics of dyestuff : It must contain chromophore group Chromophore group can be different types like -NO2,-NH2,-CO-,-N=O. […]
Fibers for Technical Textile
The usages of fibres in the technical textile area are not only the high functional fibres alone, but also the natural (due to bio-degradability and compatibility) and common man-made fibres occupied considerable share, which is shown in table . ( 1 ) Domestic fibres: Medical Application-Cotton, silk polyester, polyamide are used in medical applications. Geo […]
Creep and Crimp of fiber
Crimp is a term to describe the waviness of a fiber. We can also describe this in terms of the force or energy required to uncrimp a fiber. It’s expressed in percentage. A crimped fiber placed on a flat plane is l0 and the length of the same fiber when the crimp is removed by applying a tension is l, then the crimp is given by …
Instantaneous and time-dependent effect
When a load is applied on a specimen constantly for a period of time, the specimen initially extends rapidly giving the instantaneous effect and then less rapidly which yields to time dependent effect.
Finisher Card Machine
For getting better quality of jute yarn, Finisher card machine is necessary in jute spinning industry. It is usually down striking and full circular carding machine, having 4.5 pairs of workers and strippers. Its feed and delivery is on the same side of the machine.
Electron Microscope
There are two different types of electron microscopes, scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM). In the TEM method, an electron beam passes through an extremely thin section of the specimen.
X-ray diffraction method
It is an independent method to determine the amount of crystalline matter present in the fiber. W. L. Bragg presented a simple explanation of the diffracted beams from a crystal. When X-ray beam is incident on a crystal, it strongly reflected wherever its layers of atoms at an angle show in fig. Such that, nλ=2dsinθ
Absorption of IR radiation method
Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy is one of the most common and widely used spectroscopic techniques. When electromagnetic waves interact with matter, they are scattered and absorbed. Infrared spectroscopy, radiation with wavelengths between 1 -15 μm is absorbed at certain characteristic frequencies, which yield structural information.
Crystalline and Amorphous Structure of Fiber
Amorphous region of the fiber is defined as the region of the fiber where there is no longer the order of chain molecules. The polymer chains are randomly placed in amorphous region. As a result, there is more air space in the amorphous fiber.